Taiji trading card game山海经创世版

THE CLASSIC OF MOUNTAINS AND SEAS

山海經Reading room

CHAPTER 10 · 18 passages

Within the Southern Seas

海內南經

Select a chapter to begin. Hover over or tap a Chinese character to see its pinyin pronunciation. Select an underlined name to explore its Taiji card. Keyboard: focus a passage, then use Left and Right Arrow to inspect characters. Escape closes pronunciation.

001
English
This is the region within the seas, westward from the southeastern corner.
002
English
Ōu [甌] lies in the sea. Mǐn [閩] lies in the sea, with a mountain to its northwest. Another account says that Mount Mǐnzhōng [閩中] lies in the sea.
003
English
Mount Sāntiānzǐzhāng [三天子鄣] lies west of Mǐn [閩] and north of the sea. Another account places it in the sea.
004
English
The eight trees of Guìlín [桂林] lie east of Fānyú [番隅].
005
English
The countries of Bólǜ [伯慮], Líěr [離耳], Diāotí [雕題], and Běiqú [北朐] all lie south of the Yù [鬱] River. The Yù [鬱] River issues from Xiānglíng [湘陵] and reaches the southern sea. Another account gives the name Xiānglǜ [相慮].
Translator’s note

The river sentence is compressed and does not explicitly state every connection supplied by ordinary English syntax. 相慮 is preserved as the alternative name without silently assigning it a different modern place.

006
English
The country of Xiāo Yáng [梟陽] lies west of Běiqú [北朐]. Its people have human faces, long lips, black hairy bodies, and reversed heels. When they see people laugh, they too laugh. They hold a tube in the left hand.
007
English
The Sì [兕] lies east of Shùn [舜]'s burial place and south of the Xiāng [湘] River. It is shaped like an ox, dark blue-black, with one horn.
Translator’s note

This description underlies the traditional identification of 兕 as a rhinoceros-like animal, but an exact species remains uncertain.

008
English
On Mt. Cāng Wú [蒼梧], Emperor Shùn [舜] is buried on the southern slope and Emperor Dānzhū [丹朱] on the northern slope.
009
English
Fànlín [氾林] Forest is three hundred li square, east of the .
010
English
The Xīng Xīng [狌狌] knows people's names. It is a beast like a Shǐ, but with a human face, west of Shùn [舜]'s burial place.
011
English
Northwest of the is a rhinoceros, shaped like an ox and black in colour.
012
English
Mèng Tú [孟涂], a minister of Xià Hòu Qǐ [啟], lord of Xià [夏], administers divine judgments in Bā [巴]. People bring their disputes before him; the person whose clothing bears blood is seized. They come seeking life. He dwells upon a mountain west of Mount Dān [丹].
Translator’s note

是請生, “they seek life,” is a difficult concluding phrase in the judicial description; the translation does not supply an unstated verdict or procedure.

013
English
Yà Yǔ [窫窳], dragon-headed, dwells in the Ruò [弱] River, west of the . It is shaped like a Chū [貙], with a dragon's head, and eats people.
Translator’s note

Chū [貙]: Traditionally a fierce feline, described in early commentary as leopard-like. Its exact modern species is uncertain.

014
English
There is a tree shaped like an ox. Pulling at it reveals skin or bark, like tassels and Huáng Shé. Its leaves resemble gauze, its fruit resembles golden-rain-tree fruit, and its wood resembles Qiū [蓲]. Its name is Jiànmù [建木]. It lies west of , upon the Ruò [弱] River.
Translator’s note

This is a difficult received passage, particularly “shaped like an ox” and “pulling at it.” Qiū [蓲] is an old tree-name often associated with an elm-like tree; its precise identification here is uncertain. The wording is retained without reconstructing a more familiar tree.

015
English
The country of Dī Rén [氐人] lies west of Jiànmù [建木]. Its people have human faces and fish bodies, without feet.
016
English
The Bā Shé [巴] eats Xiàng and expels their bones after three years. Noble people who take these bones suffer no illness of heart or belly. The Shé is blue-green, yellow, red, and black. Another account says it is a with a blue-green head, west of the rhinoceros.
Translator’s note

“These bones” follows the traditional reading of the pronoun in 服之; the original does not repeat its object explicitly.

017
English
The Máo Mǎ [旄馬] is shaped like a horse, with hair at all four joints. It lies northwest of the Bā Shé [巴] and south of Mount Gāo [高].
018
English
The Xiōngnú [匈奴], the country of Kāití [開題], and the country of Lièrén [列人] all lie in the northwest.

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